Hilbert ’ s epsilon as an Operator of Indefinite Committed Choice

Paul Bernays and David Hilbert carefully avoided overspecification of Hilbert’s ε-operator and axiomatized only what was relevant for their proof-theoretic investigations. Semantically, this left the ε-operator underspecified. In the meanwhile, there have been several suggestions for semantics of the ε as a choice operator. After reviewing the literature on semantics of Hilbert’s epsilon operator, we propose a new semantics with the following features: We avoid overspecification (such as right-uniqueness), but admit indefinite choice, committed choice, and classical logics. Moreover, our semantics for the ε supports proof search optimally and is natural in the sense that it does not only mirror some cases of referential interpretation of indefinite articles in natural language, but may also contribute to philosophy of language. Finally, we ask the question whether our ε within our free-variable framework can serve as a paradigm useful in the specification and computation of semantics of discourses in natural language.